Post by 762x51 on Aug 22, 2006 13:46:37 GMT 1
A friend in the Czech Republic sent me this. I am trying to get the 2nd part and will post it if I do. This was written some time ago and the 2nd part may simply be lost. - Hope not...
This is a direct "cut-and-paste" of the text:
Here is a piece written by Dr. Alf Smith on history of Brnos:
This by no means complete and I will add later the part following the Warsaw pact years:
A brief overview of the histories of the Brno and CZ arms factories and companies:
Because of the impositions of language and the isolation of the Warsaw pact countries during the cold war the every day American shooting public have a poor understanding of Czech arms particularly how Brno and CZ came about.
In order to gain an understanding of the history of ZB ( Zbrojovka Brno) and CZ
( Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka) one would have to go back in history, look at each company separately and try and put each development to a timeline.
This short historical overview is by no means complete and it leaves out much to do with the manufacture of the machine guns and other arms of war. It also unfortunately leaves out the enormous impact and input of some of the finest arms design enginee rs known to the history of modern gun manufacture and design.
The common starting point in time for both companies starts with the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire at the conclusion of WW1 and the founding of the State of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Though it must be noted that historically the Czechs were very much a nation of gun makers.
Czechoslovakia was founded on the former lands of Moravia and Bohemia.
Under Hapsburg rule numerous small independent gun makers and independent operations existed within the boundaries of what was to become Czechoslovakia.
These companies were mostly owned and funded by banking groups and corporations out of Vienna and were taken up by the new Czechoslovakian state to form the core of the Czechoslovakian arms industry.
ZBROJOVKA BRNO ( Arms Factory Brno)
The city of Brno in the former Moravia was home to such an arms manufacturing plant controlled by Vienna.
In 1918 this plant would be the basis for the later Zbrojovka Brno or Arms factory Brno abbreviated as ZB.
This company with its numerous manufacturing plants and subsidiaries was the manufacturer of the sporting rifles we have come to know as the Models 21 H and 22F , the later Galas rifle or ZG47 as well as the full range of Brno 22 caliber rifles.
With the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the conclusion of WW 1 in 1918, the new Czechoslovakian state needed to rearm their fledgling army. In order to achieve this, the State took over the existing armoury at Brno, floating a plan to refurbish German war surplus arms as well as a number of Steyer rifles.
Using the already existing arms factory at Brno, arms procured under the armistice agreements, were refurbished.
Some 100,000 Mauser rifles were procured and refurbished under this agreement.
A further 5,500 Mannlicher rifles were locally produced with expertise procured from the famous arms works of Styer in Austria.
The arms works at Brno formerly part of the Viennese arms manufacturing network was taken over by the new Czechoslovakian state and on March 1, 1919.
It was initially named as Ceskoslovenska Statni Zbrojovka v. Brno (Czechoslovakian State Arms Works at Brno).
Tooling and technical expertise was acquired from Mauser Oberndorf in Germany in 1920.
This was done in order to assemble Mauser rifles for the military, 1921 saw this plan enacted.
Initially the idea was to buy parts sets for 42,000 Mauser rifles directly from Mauser Oberndorf and to assemble the rifles at Brno.
The history indicates that this did not quite see fruition but in lieu of, a home grown Mauser production was started, which in turn ultimately lead to the production of the famous Vz 24 Brno-Mauser rifle.
This ability later played an important role in the hands of the Nazi occupation of the Sudatenland in 1938 and later the whole of Czechoslovakia in 1939 as the Nazi war machine, as we will explore, made good use of the Czech arms industry during the occupation.
In 1922 the company undergoes change in name and structure to comply with constitutional legalities needed to do trade on the open, international arms market.
This also means partial privatization of the company with a limited stock holding as indicated in the name change.
The company is now named Ceskoslovenska Zavodi na Vyrobu Zbrani v. Brno abbreviated to CSZ (Czechoslovakian Works for military Arms Manufacture at Brno)
In 1923 CSZ is sold to Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Praha. ( Czechoslovakian arms factory Prague)
With this a new company is formed and is named Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno A.S. or ZB and designated as a Pty Ltd.
The corporate ownership at this point is designated as follows:
Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka akc. Spol v Praze acquires 20% of VZB with the state owning 80%
This company was formed to bu y out CSZ and it was controlled and owned in part through government shareholding and in part through the Arms works of Skoda in Prague as shown by the aforementioned.
This company abbreviated to the designation ZB was then ultimately to be home to a number of significant number sporting and military weapons.
It amassed through the years the expertise of arguably of the worlds greatest small arms developers and engineers.
The Vz 24 Rifle:
Important to the understanding of sporting arms manufacture at Brno is the history as it pertains to the Vz 24 Brno-Mauser rifle.
This rifle has its origins with the submission of a prototype Mauser M98 based rifle by Engineer Rudolf Jelen to the Czechoslovakian military in 1919.
Rudolf was the younger brother to gunmaker Josef Jelen of Vejperty in Bohemia.
Rudolf was born in Bolehost, Bohemia on 27 January 1878 and died in Prague on 10 March 1938.
He was conscripted to the Czech army in 1887, retired from service in 1914 only to join the police. He is however still involved with the military until 1920 and qualifies as an engineer in 1921 having studied from 1918 to 1921.
He now joins the State arms works at Brno where he submits the prototype for what was to be the basis for the very famous Vz 24 rifle. Vz is the abbreviation for the Czech word Vzor meaning model.
The forerunner to the Vz 24 is to be known as the Jelen Rifle or Puska Mauser-Jelena.
This rifle is basically a modified Mauser 98 in cal 7x57
The action dimensions differ from Mauser so does the nose cap of the rifle.
The nose cap and bayonet bracket is to be used later in the British SMLE.
Also chambered in calibers 7.9x57 (150 rifles) and 7x57 (150 rifles)
These are manufactured by CSZ
Then followed the rifle model Vz 98 / 22 which is basically an improved Mexican Mauser but with the Jelen action.
They were built in 1923 1924 first by CSZ and then later by Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno AS from 1924 -1930.
The Vz 98 / 22 is in cal 7.92 X 57
Then followed the 98 / 23:
It was also offered in a short rifle and there were variants to the theme in the form of the model Vz 23 and Vz 23 A.
The Vz 23 is built on cannibalized Mauser parts, whilst the 23A is built on new parts made in Czechoslovakia.
The Vz 24 design though essentially a Mauser was like most of the Czech gunmaking industry products the collaborate work of some of the worlds most famous gunmakers ( largely unknown the larger US derived gun loving community)
The VZ 24 came about through the amalgamation of the model 22 and 23 experience as the parts for the 22 and 23 were not fully interchangeable.
The VZ 24 prototypes were built in 1923 by CZS and the VZ 24 proper from 1924-1940 by Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno AS,
Though the Vz 24 is designated as 24 production was actually in 1925
It i s claimed that by 1939 some 762,000 Vz 24 rifles and 986,000 Vz 24 bayonets were made by ZB.
Ammunition:
In conjunction with the establishing of armouries the state needed to have ammunition for the military.
Two ammunition factories were located within the Czechoslovakian state borders at the time of the declaration of the Czechoslovakian state namely G. Roth & co. in Bratislavia, and Sellier & Bellot in Prague.
Both these two entities would, over time prove to be very important to the arms manufacturing industry within Czech lands. Also they became through amalgamation part of the ZB empire.
In 1928 ZB procures a major shareholding in the ammunition manufacturing company of G Roth based in Bratislavia.
The G. Roth company now undergoes a name and corporate ownership change to be named as Ceskoslovenska Manici a Kovodelne Zavodi a.s Bratislavia ( Czechoslovak Ammunition and Metal Works, joint stock company Bratislavia)
A full merger takes place in 1933 and the ammunition plant is moved to Povaske Bystrica.
The Povaske Bytrica plant , Zavod 2 also makes VZ42 rifles as well as bayonets
1937 sees the expansion of ZB with a new gunworks at Brno, they also upgrade their old Mauser procured machines to new machines from Oberndorf, a fact that would be to the favour of the Nazi masters who were about to take over the Sudatenland in 1938.
A new plant at Zabrdovice was also started in 1937.
ZB also opens a factory in Vsetin for heavy machine guns ( Zavod3 )
There is also evidence that ZB made the model 26 light machinegun from 1927 this was a Holek design from ZP (Zbrojovka praga)
Nazi Occupation 1939-1945:
The Nazis take control of the Sudatenland in 1938 and in 1939 take control over the whole of Czechoslovakia.
They immediately enroll all arms manufacture under Nazi control and with usual German precision brin g arms manufacture in line with German doctrine.
ZB now becomes Waffenfabrik Brunn Aktiengesellshaft and German Waffenampt markings and rules are applied to weapons.
It is claimed that civilian sporting arms manufacture came to an end at this time, however specimens of sporting rifles are to be found dating from the occupation period complete with German proofs and Waffenampt markings.
Some of the factories and what they produced under Nazi control:
Zavod 1 Brno and Zabrdvice - Infantry arms
Zavod 2 Povaske bystrica - infantry arms
Zavod 3 Vsetin - Infantry arms
Zavod 7 Cejl rocket powered arms
Zavod 10 Optikotechna prerov scopes and rifle optics
It is then also noted that some prominent Czech arms engineers fled the occupation.
One such person was Engineer Otagar Galas, the originator of the ZG-47 rifle.
He found his way to the UK where during the war he was involved in British arms manufacture. Galas although not the principle designer of the Bren gun had much to do with Bren manufacture in England as well as the Oerlikon antiaircraft gun system.
At the conclusion of the Second World War much of Czechoslovakia was taken from Germany by the Russians whilst the Americans liberated Pilsn and Prague.
This then heralded the post war era for Czechoslovakia and the advent of a new dispensation under communism.
After The War:
With the conclusion of WW2 there is an amalgamation and distribution of German assets.
Under this ZB now procures or gains control over 14 plants included are:
1. The original assets of ZB A.S.
2. Sellier & Bellot
3. Zbrojovka Frans Janecek in Prague
4. The Vsetin plant ( rifle and machine gun manufacture)
5. The Zabrovice plant ( rifle and machine gun amnufacture)
Shortly after Zbrojovka Frans Janecek is closed down however.
Post WW 2 and communist rule:
1945:
At this point all compan ies local or foreign owned, are taken over by the Czechoslovakian state by virtue of nationalization decrees.
By this all industry is transferred to the auspices of the Department of industry and all manufacture becomes national or peoples enterprises or Narodni Podnik in keeping with the communist ideal.
This is reflected in the markings on rifles stating N.P. or Narodni Podnik
Zbrojovka Brno A.S. now becomes Narodni Podnik Zbrojovka Brno and under it is included some 14 other former plants and companies
Ceska Zbrojovka A.S. of Uhersky brod and Straconice remains sepearte from the ZB congloemerate.
The plant at Povaske Bystryca now becomes NARODNI PODNIK POVAZSKE STROJIRIN. This enterprise consists of 14 plants including Sellier & Bellot as well as the former ZBROJOVKA FRANTICEK JANECEK in Prague.
Under communism all arms manufacture is centralized under the Central directorship of the NPCZIS in Prague. The manufacturing co-opera tives were managed but this arrangement but this was short lived as it proved costly and inefficient. (only to once again be dismantled by 1949)
The Warsaw pact: 1955: to Follow:
The Brothers Koucky:
Rifle designations ZK and ZKK
The Czech arms industry have historically been blessed with of the worlds finest Gun makers and gun manufacturing engineers.
The Koucky brothers Josef and Franticek were very much part of this heritage.
Josef was born on March 1, 1904 in Krnsko in the former Bohemia.
He graduted as a technical engineer from the technical college in Prague and joined the factory Zbrojovka Franticek Janecek in Prague.
Later he joins forces with his younger brother Franticek at CZ to form a partnership claiming no less than 130 firearm patents.
Together with his brother they designed in the sporting arm line the ZKK rifles, the famous rimfire ZKMs the ZKWs as well as the CZ 75 pistol.
Josef Reti res in 1965.
Younger brother Franticek was born on 20 July 1907 in Krnso
He joins CZ in 1926.
1933 he moves to irm Kotek and designs Stella airguns. In 1943 he moves back to CZ where is head engineer for their rifle manufacturing plant. He retires in 1970 and dies in 1981.
Together and individually the Kouckys produce and hold no less than 130 patents and are particularly remembered for some of the worlds finest, rifles, machineguns and pistols.
More to follow.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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This is a direct "cut-and-paste" of the text:
Here is a piece written by Dr. Alf Smith on history of Brnos:
This by no means complete and I will add later the part following the Warsaw pact years:
A brief overview of the histories of the Brno and CZ arms factories and companies:
Because of the impositions of language and the isolation of the Warsaw pact countries during the cold war the every day American shooting public have a poor understanding of Czech arms particularly how Brno and CZ came about.
In order to gain an understanding of the history of ZB ( Zbrojovka Brno) and CZ
( Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka) one would have to go back in history, look at each company separately and try and put each development to a timeline.
This short historical overview is by no means complete and it leaves out much to do with the manufacture of the machine guns and other arms of war. It also unfortunately leaves out the enormous impact and input of some of the finest arms design enginee rs known to the history of modern gun manufacture and design.
The common starting point in time for both companies starts with the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire at the conclusion of WW1 and the founding of the State of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Though it must be noted that historically the Czechs were very much a nation of gun makers.
Czechoslovakia was founded on the former lands of Moravia and Bohemia.
Under Hapsburg rule numerous small independent gun makers and independent operations existed within the boundaries of what was to become Czechoslovakia.
These companies were mostly owned and funded by banking groups and corporations out of Vienna and were taken up by the new Czechoslovakian state to form the core of the Czechoslovakian arms industry.
ZBROJOVKA BRNO ( Arms Factory Brno)
The city of Brno in the former Moravia was home to such an arms manufacturing plant controlled by Vienna.
In 1918 this plant would be the basis for the later Zbrojovka Brno or Arms factory Brno abbreviated as ZB.
This company with its numerous manufacturing plants and subsidiaries was the manufacturer of the sporting rifles we have come to know as the Models 21 H and 22F , the later Galas rifle or ZG47 as well as the full range of Brno 22 caliber rifles.
With the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the conclusion of WW 1 in 1918, the new Czechoslovakian state needed to rearm their fledgling army. In order to achieve this, the State took over the existing armoury at Brno, floating a plan to refurbish German war surplus arms as well as a number of Steyer rifles.
Using the already existing arms factory at Brno, arms procured under the armistice agreements, were refurbished.
Some 100,000 Mauser rifles were procured and refurbished under this agreement.
A further 5,500 Mannlicher rifles were locally produced with expertise procured from the famous arms works of Styer in Austria.
The arms works at Brno formerly part of the Viennese arms manufacturing network was taken over by the new Czechoslovakian state and on March 1, 1919.
It was initially named as Ceskoslovenska Statni Zbrojovka v. Brno (Czechoslovakian State Arms Works at Brno).
Tooling and technical expertise was acquired from Mauser Oberndorf in Germany in 1920.
This was done in order to assemble Mauser rifles for the military, 1921 saw this plan enacted.
Initially the idea was to buy parts sets for 42,000 Mauser rifles directly from Mauser Oberndorf and to assemble the rifles at Brno.
The history indicates that this did not quite see fruition but in lieu of, a home grown Mauser production was started, which in turn ultimately lead to the production of the famous Vz 24 Brno-Mauser rifle.
This ability later played an important role in the hands of the Nazi occupation of the Sudatenland in 1938 and later the whole of Czechoslovakia in 1939 as the Nazi war machine, as we will explore, made good use of the Czech arms industry during the occupation.
In 1922 the company undergoes change in name and structure to comply with constitutional legalities needed to do trade on the open, international arms market.
This also means partial privatization of the company with a limited stock holding as indicated in the name change.
The company is now named Ceskoslovenska Zavodi na Vyrobu Zbrani v. Brno abbreviated to CSZ (Czechoslovakian Works for military Arms Manufacture at Brno)
In 1923 CSZ is sold to Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Praha. ( Czechoslovakian arms factory Prague)
With this a new company is formed and is named Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno A.S. or ZB and designated as a Pty Ltd.
The corporate ownership at this point is designated as follows:
Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka akc. Spol v Praze acquires 20% of VZB with the state owning 80%
This company was formed to bu y out CSZ and it was controlled and owned in part through government shareholding and in part through the Arms works of Skoda in Prague as shown by the aforementioned.
This company abbreviated to the designation ZB was then ultimately to be home to a number of significant number sporting and military weapons.
It amassed through the years the expertise of arguably of the worlds greatest small arms developers and engineers.
The Vz 24 Rifle:
Important to the understanding of sporting arms manufacture at Brno is the history as it pertains to the Vz 24 Brno-Mauser rifle.
This rifle has its origins with the submission of a prototype Mauser M98 based rifle by Engineer Rudolf Jelen to the Czechoslovakian military in 1919.
Rudolf was the younger brother to gunmaker Josef Jelen of Vejperty in Bohemia.
Rudolf was born in Bolehost, Bohemia on 27 January 1878 and died in Prague on 10 March 1938.
He was conscripted to the Czech army in 1887, retired from service in 1914 only to join the police. He is however still involved with the military until 1920 and qualifies as an engineer in 1921 having studied from 1918 to 1921.
He now joins the State arms works at Brno where he submits the prototype for what was to be the basis for the very famous Vz 24 rifle. Vz is the abbreviation for the Czech word Vzor meaning model.
The forerunner to the Vz 24 is to be known as the Jelen Rifle or Puska Mauser-Jelena.
This rifle is basically a modified Mauser 98 in cal 7x57
The action dimensions differ from Mauser so does the nose cap of the rifle.
The nose cap and bayonet bracket is to be used later in the British SMLE.
Also chambered in calibers 7.9x57 (150 rifles) and 7x57 (150 rifles)
These are manufactured by CSZ
Then followed the rifle model Vz 98 / 22 which is basically an improved Mexican Mauser but with the Jelen action.
They were built in 1923 1924 first by CSZ and then later by Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno AS from 1924 -1930.
The Vz 98 / 22 is in cal 7.92 X 57
Then followed the 98 / 23:
It was also offered in a short rifle and there were variants to the theme in the form of the model Vz 23 and Vz 23 A.
The Vz 23 is built on cannibalized Mauser parts, whilst the 23A is built on new parts made in Czechoslovakia.
The Vz 24 design though essentially a Mauser was like most of the Czech gunmaking industry products the collaborate work of some of the worlds most famous gunmakers ( largely unknown the larger US derived gun loving community)
The VZ 24 came about through the amalgamation of the model 22 and 23 experience as the parts for the 22 and 23 were not fully interchangeable.
The VZ 24 prototypes were built in 1923 by CZS and the VZ 24 proper from 1924-1940 by Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Brno AS,
Though the Vz 24 is designated as 24 production was actually in 1925
It i s claimed that by 1939 some 762,000 Vz 24 rifles and 986,000 Vz 24 bayonets were made by ZB.
Ammunition:
In conjunction with the establishing of armouries the state needed to have ammunition for the military.
Two ammunition factories were located within the Czechoslovakian state borders at the time of the declaration of the Czechoslovakian state namely G. Roth & co. in Bratislavia, and Sellier & Bellot in Prague.
Both these two entities would, over time prove to be very important to the arms manufacturing industry within Czech lands. Also they became through amalgamation part of the ZB empire.
In 1928 ZB procures a major shareholding in the ammunition manufacturing company of G Roth based in Bratislavia.
The G. Roth company now undergoes a name and corporate ownership change to be named as Ceskoslovenska Manici a Kovodelne Zavodi a.s Bratislavia ( Czechoslovak Ammunition and Metal Works, joint stock company Bratislavia)
A full merger takes place in 1933 and the ammunition plant is moved to Povaske Bystrica.
The Povaske Bytrica plant , Zavod 2 also makes VZ42 rifles as well as bayonets
1937 sees the expansion of ZB with a new gunworks at Brno, they also upgrade their old Mauser procured machines to new machines from Oberndorf, a fact that would be to the favour of the Nazi masters who were about to take over the Sudatenland in 1938.
A new plant at Zabrdovice was also started in 1937.
ZB also opens a factory in Vsetin for heavy machine guns ( Zavod3 )
There is also evidence that ZB made the model 26 light machinegun from 1927 this was a Holek design from ZP (Zbrojovka praga)
Nazi Occupation 1939-1945:
The Nazis take control of the Sudatenland in 1938 and in 1939 take control over the whole of Czechoslovakia.
They immediately enroll all arms manufacture under Nazi control and with usual German precision brin g arms manufacture in line with German doctrine.
ZB now becomes Waffenfabrik Brunn Aktiengesellshaft and German Waffenampt markings and rules are applied to weapons.
It is claimed that civilian sporting arms manufacture came to an end at this time, however specimens of sporting rifles are to be found dating from the occupation period complete with German proofs and Waffenampt markings.
Some of the factories and what they produced under Nazi control:
Zavod 1 Brno and Zabrdvice - Infantry arms
Zavod 2 Povaske bystrica - infantry arms
Zavod 3 Vsetin - Infantry arms
Zavod 7 Cejl rocket powered arms
Zavod 10 Optikotechna prerov scopes and rifle optics
It is then also noted that some prominent Czech arms engineers fled the occupation.
One such person was Engineer Otagar Galas, the originator of the ZG-47 rifle.
He found his way to the UK where during the war he was involved in British arms manufacture. Galas although not the principle designer of the Bren gun had much to do with Bren manufacture in England as well as the Oerlikon antiaircraft gun system.
At the conclusion of the Second World War much of Czechoslovakia was taken from Germany by the Russians whilst the Americans liberated Pilsn and Prague.
This then heralded the post war era for Czechoslovakia and the advent of a new dispensation under communism.
After The War:
With the conclusion of WW2 there is an amalgamation and distribution of German assets.
Under this ZB now procures or gains control over 14 plants included are:
1. The original assets of ZB A.S.
2. Sellier & Bellot
3. Zbrojovka Frans Janecek in Prague
4. The Vsetin plant ( rifle and machine gun manufacture)
5. The Zabrovice plant ( rifle and machine gun amnufacture)
Shortly after Zbrojovka Frans Janecek is closed down however.
Post WW 2 and communist rule:
1945:
At this point all compan ies local or foreign owned, are taken over by the Czechoslovakian state by virtue of nationalization decrees.
By this all industry is transferred to the auspices of the Department of industry and all manufacture becomes national or peoples enterprises or Narodni Podnik in keeping with the communist ideal.
This is reflected in the markings on rifles stating N.P. or Narodni Podnik
Zbrojovka Brno A.S. now becomes Narodni Podnik Zbrojovka Brno and under it is included some 14 other former plants and companies
Ceska Zbrojovka A.S. of Uhersky brod and Straconice remains sepearte from the ZB congloemerate.
The plant at Povaske Bystryca now becomes NARODNI PODNIK POVAZSKE STROJIRIN. This enterprise consists of 14 plants including Sellier & Bellot as well as the former ZBROJOVKA FRANTICEK JANECEK in Prague.
Under communism all arms manufacture is centralized under the Central directorship of the NPCZIS in Prague. The manufacturing co-opera tives were managed but this arrangement but this was short lived as it proved costly and inefficient. (only to once again be dismantled by 1949)
The Warsaw pact: 1955: to Follow:
The Brothers Koucky:
Rifle designations ZK and ZKK
The Czech arms industry have historically been blessed with of the worlds finest Gun makers and gun manufacturing engineers.
The Koucky brothers Josef and Franticek were very much part of this heritage.
Josef was born on March 1, 1904 in Krnsko in the former Bohemia.
He graduted as a technical engineer from the technical college in Prague and joined the factory Zbrojovka Franticek Janecek in Prague.
Later he joins forces with his younger brother Franticek at CZ to form a partnership claiming no less than 130 firearm patents.
Together with his brother they designed in the sporting arm line the ZKK rifles, the famous rimfire ZKMs the ZKWs as well as the CZ 75 pistol.
Josef Reti res in 1965.
Younger brother Franticek was born on 20 July 1907 in Krnso
He joins CZ in 1926.
1933 he moves to irm Kotek and designs Stella airguns. In 1943 he moves back to CZ where is head engineer for their rifle manufacturing plant. He retires in 1970 and dies in 1981.
Together and individually the Kouckys produce and hold no less than 130 patents and are particularly remembered for some of the worlds finest, rifles, machineguns and pistols.
More to follow.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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